烟云错 正文 第二十三章 指尖如酒

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    reflectivepaper

    ◆theoryxandtheoryy

    1960，，，onthentrary，

    ，

    myopion，theschoolaybememoreandmorerigid，butitcanalsorunsmoothly，，，

    ，theneidated，ornfused，ascribgvariousfactors，suchasschoolmanagementsystem’stegrity，andtheteacher’

    ◆mutualpurpose

    ，，(2004)

    ，theirpersonalterestmaynflictwiththeanization’，

    oreeffective，reallyservesforlearng，

    ◆classicalanizationaltheory

    itisthentraryoftaylor’，steadofthedividualworker，，，

    ◆anizationalculture

    thistermcangobackto193-s

    ◆basicassumptions

    basicassumptionsareaboutpeople’snature，thenatureofhumanrelationships，thenatureofhumanactivity，:freedom-determism，rationality-irrationality，holism-elemetalism，nstitutionalism-environmentalism，subjectivity-objectivity，proactivity-reactivity，homeostasis-heterostasis，andknowability-

    theprciplecanusethetheoryofbasicassumptionstounderstandtheemployees，，theymayoptimisticandwillgtontribute，，

    ◆telligence

    1904，’，，，thestudentsayfdtheregularcurriculumtooeasy，，-

    later，onthebasisofiq，’

    ◆humancapital

    ，becausehumanbegsarechangeable，，usgsomespecificpsychologicalprciplesncernghumanresources，canfacilitatetheprcipletotra，motivate，

    employmentcanbedifficult，，butalsopromoteaschool’

    ◆learnganization

    staygmpetitivetoday’，evenpredict，:ananization，

    alearnganization，-of-artknowledge，，

    ◆ntgencyview

    thentgencyvieanaggunderallnditions，-ntgentfactorsthataffectaleader＇

    theleaders，aygivedifferentductionstodifferentnewteachers，

    ◆likert’sfoursystems

    system1:exploitive-authoritative(orpunitive-authoritarian)，theleaderhasaloethodsasthreatsandotherfear-;system2:benevolent-authoritative(orpaternalistic-authoritarian)，theresponsibilityliesatthemanageriallevelsbutnotatthelo3:nsultativesystem，thesuperiorhassubstantialbutnotmplete，trustandnfidencehissubordates;4:theparticipative(roupteractive)modelofananizationalsystem，superiorshavempletenfidencetheirsubordates，

    lober，，

    theleaderexploitive-authoritativencernlittleforpeople，andpreferstousefear-，itcanalsostiflepeople’screativity，，essfulschools’leadersshouldpreferparticipativestyle，

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